) have been used as a means to fight high unemployment. This paper discusses the mechanisms through which ALMPs affect (un)employment … open unemployment, but also reduced regular employment. The overall policy conclusion is that ALMPs of the scale used in …. There should be a greater emphasis on holding down long-term unemployment in general and a smaller emphasis on youth …

potential level of production (and, consequently, the estimation of the natural rate of unemployment is also altered). In order … implicitly influenced by the actual unemployment rate, it is usually recommended as a more accurate solution to try to obtain … the growth of pure productivity independently of the actual level of employment and, implicitly, of the unemployment rate …

Swedish unemployment was very low up to the early 1990s when it rose rapidly. At the same time manufacturing employment …

production. Coming from recent literature on natural rate of unemployment estimation we used a specific methodology in order to … of natural rate of unemployment. …