The structure of a national economy is generally correlated with the stage of economic development. In economic history, it was demonstrated a trend from a first stage when agriculture predominated to last stage when the sector of services is the largest. In this context, the complex...

The paper discusses report of The Spellings Commission for Future of Higher Education that was set up to look into the issues facing the higher education system in the U.S., outline the challenges and offer recommendations to tackle the problems. Most importantly, The Spellings Commission Report...

Annotated remarks made at the 50th Anniversary Conference “Fortalecimiento institucional de los bancos centrales y efectividad de la política monetaria”, of the Central Bank of Nicaragua, February 2010. The paper lays out the importance of institutional strenthening (governance) as an...

The aim of this survey is to explain the real impact of aid on governance in the developing countries: including the subsahara and the MENA region during the period 1990-2004 by using the “threshold theory”. Stephen Knack proved that foreign aid had a harmful impact on the governance of the...

Corruption is a symptom and outcome of institutional deficiency, with potentially adverse effects on economic growth. This paper aims to provide a synthesis of the existing evidence on the relationship between corruption and economic growth - controlling for effect type, data sources, and...

This paper compares more direct measures of the institutional environment with both the instability proxies used by Barro (1991) and the Gastil indices, by comparing their effects both on growth and private investment. The results provide substantial support for the position that the...