Using micro-level data, we examine the effects of Russia`s 2001 flat rate income tax reformon consumption, income, and tax evasion. We use the gap between household expendituresand reported earnings as a proxy for tax evasion with data from a household panel for 1998-2004. Utilizing...

At the firm level, revenue and costs are well measured but prices and quantities are not. This paper shows that because of these data limitations estimates of returns to scale at the firm level are for the revenue function, not production function. Given this observation, the paper argues that,...

The analysis presented in this paper defines three different synthetic measurements ofdisincentives for formal work: two standard measurements, namely the tax wedge and themarginal effective tax rate (METR); and a new, innovative measurement called formalizationtax rate (FTR). The novelty of the...