the revo¬lution should no longer be exported actively, but that Iran should serve as an example. Consequently, Supreme … Leader Khamenei called the events of the Arab Spring a "natural enlargement of Iran's Islamic revolution of 1979" and …

The present article aims to analyze the effects of high oil prices since 2003 on Iran … examines the issue areas of foreign policy, domestic policy and economic policy. After proving that the oil price—despite fluctuations—has constantly been at a high level in the first decade of the twenty-first century, the discussion demonstrates that Iran … has used the increased rent in-come to support a populist policy. In terms of economic policy, the regime has pursued a redistributive strategy. The country’s foreign policy, particularly the ostentatiously pursued atomic program, has been very expensive since it provoked sanctions whose costs were initially balanced only by high rent income. Yet, in his first term, Ahmadinejad failed to prepare Iran …

This paper seeks to explain how Iran’s regime persisted in the face of international sanc-tions during Mahmud …