International sanctions have been one of the most commonly used tools of Western foreign policy in the post-Cold War … era to instigate democratization globally. However, despite long-term external pressure through sanctions imposed by the …, North Korea and Syria has proven to be extremely persistent. In this paper, we analyze a new global dataset on sanctions …

This article examines the impact of UN-imposed sanctions on the stability of the Eritrean regime, using diaspora … well as regime opponents, have all instrumentalized the sanctions for their own specific purposes. While the former use the … sanctions to create a “rally around the flag” effect and for fundraising purposes, the latter campaign against the 2 percent …

Previous research, which has focused mostly on pre-1990 dynamics, has shown that sanctions have a negative impact on … become the most common goal of sanctions issued against authoritarian states. This paper studies how sanctions have affected … democratization in targeted countries since the end of the Cold War and asks whether “democratic sanctions,” those that explicitly aim …

This paper examines the impact of regionally imposed sanctions on the trajectory of the Burundian regime and its … vulnerability, the Buyoya government withstood the pressure from the sanctions. Through a vocal campaign against these sanctions … has attributed the sanctions’ success in pressuring the government into negotiations to their economic impact, the …

The Costa Rican talk of crime is fundamentally based on the assumption that a formerly explicitly nonviolent nation has … been transformed into a battleground for social violence — that is, on the belief that an alarming “crime wave” is … occurring today while there was no crime at all in the past. On the basis of this assumption, the fear of crime and the call for …

The Costa Rican talk of crime is fundamentally based on the assumption that crime rates have increased significantly in … recent years and that there is today a vast and alarming amount of crime. On the basis of this assumption, fear of crime, the … call for the “iron fist,” and drastic law enforcement actions are continually increasing. While crime statistics are the …

Crime, violence, and insecurity are perceived as society’s biggest problems in contemporary Costa Rica. This degree of … the fundamental basis for the current talk of crime: the civil war, the abolition of the military, the proclamation of …

Central America has the reputation of being a violent region with high crime rates, youth gangs, drug traffic, and … and crime. On the basis of essays written by secondary school students and interviews with citizens from all walks of life … in the three countries, the paper points out how elite arguments on violence and crime are translated into everyday life …

Crime, violence, and insecurity are among the most important social topics in contemporary Costa Rica. These three … changed for the worse and that society is now threatened permanently. However, crime statistics do not support this perception …. The paper thus asks why violence and crime generate such huge fear in society. The thesis is that the Costa Rican national …

Terrorism and crime, particularly organised crime with its close links to terrorism, currently constitute the greatest … culminated in the ousting of regimes. Terrorism and organised crime are, to varying extents, prevalent in all Maghreb states and …, as yet their use has sufficed to contain the threats posed by terrorism and crime. …