conflict can in turn undermine the peace-making effect of intergroup arrangements. Different subgroup identity constellations …

reflects a dislocation of U.S. identity as the vanguard of liberal-democratic capitalism. This implicates changes in regard to … how “liberal” identity in the U.S. is constructed in relation to the role attributed to “illiberal” China, which in turn …

It has long been argued that identity matters in international relations. Yet, how identity impacts enmity and conflict … among states remains the subject of debate. The existing literature asserts that differences in identity can be a source of … generate anxiety and identity risks. This framework, I argue, moves beyond traditional regime-security approaches to reveal …