the main framework is based on the two good--two country--three region Ricardian Model, including migration. We manifest that, even if the technology is improved in the foreign country at a moderate level so as not to exceed the technology in one advanced region in the home country and so as to...

This paper analyzes the border effect, which indicates how biased interregional trade is, compared with international trade, by means of the Gravity Model. The border effect reveals how open to the foreign countries the nation is. This research suggests that the border effect in Japan is much...