education characteristic of the pre-reform era has given rise to substantial inequality in access to higher levels of education …. China's growth will be fostered by expanding access to all levels of education, reducing impediments to labor mobility, and …

responses to education and find evidence for substantial heterogeneity in unobserved variables on which agents make choices. The … estimated treatment effects of education are decomposed into the direct benefits of attaining a given level of schooling and … estimated treatment effects. While the estimated causal effects of education are substantial for most outcomes, we also estimate …

This paper uses newly available Chinese micro data to estimate the return to college education for late 20th century … return to education has increased substantially in China, compared to the returns measured in the 1980’s and the early 1990’s. …

to remedy. We also show that cognitive ability is not the only determinant of education, labor market outcomes and …

. Adjusting the scores for racial/ethnic differences in education at the time the test is taken reduces their role in accounting … for the wage gaps. We also consider evidence on parental and child expectations about education and on stereotype …