Technology has been playing a central role in defense spending or arms-producing countries since World War II. Although … well as public R&D. This technology-centric paradigm results from uncertainties surrounding defense matters and the need to … launching new programs, hence a high level of defense R&D. This explains both an overinvestment in technology, resulting in the …

We review the theoretical and empirical economic literature upon income inequality in emerging countries. We firstly … display rather conflicting results. Most cross-country studies find a weak impact of globalization on income inequality. In … correlation between openness and the relative demand for skill and inequality. These apparently conflicting findings reflect the …

social fragmentation is often associated with greater inequality, which, as Olson pointed out, may be beneficial to … fragmentation and ethnically based patronage. Given that both patronage and inequality are common in developing countries, it is …

return to a patrimonial society, corporations become political actors; occupational status and education's relevance are …

between skilled labor and unskilled labor wages. The question we ask is how the growth process shapes the wage inequality and … inequality. First, we prove the existence of equilibrium paths. Then we show that there exists a continuum of steady … of income inequality between skilled and unskilled workers and income in-equality among the skilled workers. The former …

. When the externalities on education are very high relatively to the positive externalities on health, the indirect subsidy … policies subsidizing education. This legitimacy lies in the fact that education is a source of positive externalities. In a … education also requires to tax births. Indeed, education subsidies decrease the net cost of children such that parents can …