fertility of an innovation in generating more innovations cannot be observed. The menu of patent scope can be implemented with …It may be advantageous to provide a variety of kinds of patent protection to heterogenous innovations. Innovations … protection in order to be encouraged. We model the problem of designing an optimal patent menu (scope and length) when the …

product market competition interact with the strength of patent rights. We provide empirical evidence of innovation responding …, that patent protection can complement competition in inducing innovation …Can patent protection and product market competition complement each other in enhancing incentives to innovate? In this …

This paper surveys the major changes in patent policy and practice that have occurred in the last two decades in the U … effects of changes in patent policy. Despite the significance of the policy changes and the wide availability of detailed data … relating to patenting, robust conclusions regarding the empirical consequences for technological innovation of changes in …

This paper contributes to the literature on innovation policies and institutional theory on conditions for effective … universities. The two reforms have adopted different models in the allocation of university patent ownership. The former completely … allocated the patent ownership to universities, while the latter allocated 70% of the patent ownership to the inventors. Based …

We use the U.S. patent data merged with firm-level datasets to establish new facts about the role of mega firms in … patent)--and their hits tend to generate more follow-on patents assigned to other firms when compared to hits generated by …

model to trust? We provide comprehensive guidance for selecting and applying NLP representations of patent text. We develop … expert and non-expert judgments of patent similarity. State-of-the-art language models significantly outperform traditional … approaches such as TF-IDF. Using our validated representations, we measure a secular decline in contemporaneous patent similarity …

century. In addition to the funding agency, the data report whether the government has title to the patent ("title" patents …) or funded a patent assigned to a private organization ("license" patents). The data include a large number of "license …" patents that cannot be linked to government funding from patent text or other sources. Combining the historical data with …

are key players (patent hunters) who consistently identify and develop them. Although initially overlooked, these late … new product launches. Patent hunters, as early detectors and adopters of these late-blooming patents, are also associated … instrument for patent hunting, and find strong evidence that these benefits are causally due to patent hunting. The rents …