Great Fact of economic growth, discovered by historians and economists in the 1950s and elaborated since then, changes … “capitalism”---though a better word is simply “innovation,” arising from bourgeois dignity and liberty. It is the Bourgeois Deal …

keeping the peace between users of old and new technologies are allowed to call the shots, innovation and the modern world is …

“Commercialization” and “monetization” dance with stage theories from Smith to modern growth theory. The sheer growth … of traded or the sheer growth of money, though, do not an Industrial Revolution make. The ill-named “Price Revolution …,” for example, came from American gold, not from population increases, and did not inspire innovation. Commercialization …

successes of innovation rise up to kill the innovation. We should resist it. …

innovation after 1848; and volume 6 asks which of the present-day complaints about free-market economies has merit. Since the … that innovation has destroyed the environment. Both left and right are suspicious of the modern world, often for the same … reasons. “The Bourgeois Era” argues that both are mistaken: that innovation has elevated people, in more than goods alone. …

elastically supplied, by credit expansion for example (as Schumpeter observed). Attributing growth to investment, therefore …, or they depreciate. They cannot accumulate from an age of piracy to an age of industry. Yet modern growth theory … in physical or human capital. Innovation 1700-2010 pushed the marginal product of all capitals steadily out, and the …

-deserved guilt that Europeans feel in having perpetrated it, it was not an engine of their growth. Stealing from poor people is not a … apartheid, been profitable. The episode of economic success in Europe came from domestic sources of innovation, not from …

Trade reshuffles. No wonder, then, that it doesn’t work as an engine of growth—not for explaining the scale of growth … sacrifice of exportables. The Harberger point implies that static gains from trade are small beside the 1500% of growth to be … plenty. But domination is not the same thing as innovation. In short, the production possibility curve did not move out just …