This paper presents various approaches dealing with heterogeneous reaction combined with interaction between neighboring units of observation developed in the spatial econometric literature, in the framework of cross-sectional models, and applied to the study of growth and convergence processes....

The theory of human capital is one way to explain individual decisions to produce scientific research. However, this theory, even if it reckons the importance of time in science, is too short for explaining the existing diversity of scientific output. The present paper introduces the social...