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Was colonization very costly for the metropole? This view has been widely accepted among French historians even though little empirical evidence has been provided. Using original data from the colonial budgets of French West Africa (AOF) this paper provides new insights into the actual colonial...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010738869
Since the independences, having a single currency is an official policy objective of West African countries. In April 2000, West African decisions-makers decided to accelerate the integration of the region by creating a second monetary zone in addition to the WAEMU (West African Economic and...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10008793647
There are continuing efforts at the monetary integration and unionization in West Africa. Several academics argue that a monetary union among West African states would be costly because of the magnitude of asymmetric shocks. A common monetary policy is inappropriate and ineffective to respond to...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10008794414
The paper investigates the patterns of persistence of innovation and of the properties of firms' knowledge base (KB …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010933797
"Vertige" est le mot qui vient immédiatement à l'esprit quand nous contemplons le tourbillon des logos et marques territoriales qui s'étalent désormais sous nos yeux. " Inquiétude " c'est le sentiment que l'on peut ressentir à la vue des bricolages visuels et des simplifications qui...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010935040
The "hierarchical and linear model of innovation" (HLMI) is often used to describe how innovations are produced. HLMI … conceiving innovation systems as associations of building blocks and using contemporary engineering diagram-based languages to … display them. Nevertheless, this improvement does not challenge the dynamic features of innovation systems …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010929993
we remain largely unaware of it. If R&D seems to be an enabler of innovation, it is not sufficient by itself. Thus, the … use the linear model of innovation as the basis for policies to promote innovation? Is it not possible to go against the …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010930012
généralement liés à l'innovation sous ses diverses formes : innovation produit naturellement, mais aussi innovation process …, innovation organisationnelle ou innovation sociale. Le manager ou le chef de projet en charge d'une telle transformation complexe …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010930034
Cette recherche vise à déterminer les leviers d'adoption d'une nouvelle technologie de réalité augmentée dans le cadre d'un essai de produit. A l'aide d'une expérimentation dans le domaine des cosmétiques, nous comparons l'impact d'un test produit classique avec un test réalisé via un...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010930106
L'innovation est souvent comprise et décrite comme le résultat d'une fonction particulière du système économique, par …, parfois confondus, de découverte, d'invention et d'innovation, et sur une définition aussi systématique que possible du … processus de conception sera un pas vers amélioration potentielle du processus d'innovation …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009651413