In the economic literature it is generally found that trade openness affects environment through various channels …. While the mechanisms through which trade is associated with pollution are largely investigated theoretically and empirically …, the role played by each trade component has not yet received enough attention. This paper attempts to bridge this gap by …

combine trade, aid and investment, which may create 'lock-in' effects. China's trade and investment focus on the commodities … contractual relationships that link exports from Sub-Saharan Africa to China and investment by Chinese firms in Sub-Saharan Africa …, especially in oil-exporting countries. Chinese investment, however, increasingly involves other sectors, such as the …

extortion relying on the threat of expropriation and bureaucratic harassment. The bureaucrat's power is characterized by looking … bureaucrat's total revenue from corruption, but it may also increase the risk of expropriation and the extortion bribes paid by …

We run a series of experiments to compare the well known arbitration scheme FOA (Final Offer Arbitration) with a new … arbitration scheme, non compulsory, we proposed in a companion paper (Tanimura and Thoron (2008)): ROC (Recursive Offer … Conciliation). The two mechanisms are also compared with a negotiation without arbitration. We observe that the ROC mechanism seems …

efficiency. This conclusion is consistent with the experimental results on arbitration and the well-known chilling effect …

constructed for rules of origins under NAFTA and under the single list applying to PANEURO, the new regime applying to all EU … preferential trade agreements. The R-index highlights how identical PSRO have different impacts across countries, and how the …

This paper estimates the effective market-access granted under NAFTA in textiles and apparel by combining two …