Arouri, Mohamed El Hedi; Youssef, Adel Ben; M'Henni, Hatem - HAL - 2012
dioxide emissions, energy consumption, and real GDP for 12 Middle East and North African Countries (MENA) over the period 1981 …-2005. Our results show that in the long-run energy consumption has a positive significant impact on CO2 emissions. More … interestingly, we show that real GDP exhibits a quadratic relationship with CO2 emissions for the region as a whole. However …