dioxide emissions, energy consumption, and real GDP for 12 Middle East and North African Countries (MENA) over the period 1981 …-2005. Our results show that in the long-run energy consumption has a positive significant impact on CO2 emissions. More … interestingly, we show that real GDP exhibits a quadratic relationship with CO2 emissions for the region as a whole. However …

This paper focuses solely on the energy consumption, carbon dioxide ( 2 CO ) emissions and economic growth nexus … in the 2 CO emissions trajectories are accounted for; second, a classification of the results with respect to countries …) in the high-income countries decreases emissions, while in the low-income countries it increases emissions. …