Nax, Heinrich H.; Burton-Chellew, Maxwell N.; West, … - HAL - 2013
Many interactive environments can be represented as games, but they are so large and complex that individual players … are in the dark about what others are doing and how their own payo s are a ected. This paper analyzes learning behavior in … such 'black box' environments, where players' only source of information is their own history of actions taken and payoff s …