expected return on the election results will be higher for electors who have high exit costs. According to the theory of …

A semi-parametric approach is used to estimate firm propensity to exit. The unobserved individual productivity of a … firm is first estimated using the Ackerberg et al. (2006) approach and then introduced as a determinant of firm exit in … conjunction with other variables that may serve as barriers to exit, including the firm's level of sunk costs and the industry …

of experience depends on the entrant's current customer base and facility-based entry is a long-term possibility, setting …

determination of the number of producers and products over the business cycle. Economic expansions induce higher entry rates by … prospective entrants subject to irreversible investment costs. The sluggish response of the number of producers (due to sunk entry … decisions, producer entry, and the allocation of labor across sectors. The model performs at least as well as the benchmark real …