This contribution is based on a previous review (Chanaron, 1999) and a critical analysis of various literature: academic articles and books, corporate documents, consultancy reports and interviews of key industry representatives.

What is the debate on Learning Organizations all about? In this paper we propose to demonstrate that the necessity to adapt to the socio-economic changes that have been transforming the way we think, live, learn and work over the last twenty years, makes of learning a condition of survival for...

For two decades, the share of trade in inputs, also called vertical trade, has been dramatically increasing. In reallocating trade flows to their original input-producing industries and countries, this paper suggests a new measure of international trade: "value-added trade" and makes it possible...

Purpose – Owing to its specificities, the family small and medium enterprise (SME) shows a particular behavior as for the creation, development, sharing, protection and transmission of knowledge. The purpose of this paper is to study the specificities of the processes of knowledge creation and...