examine private transfers. They show much less contrast between urban and rural areas but a sharp contrast between males and … females. Adult males increase the amount of transfers they send after positive shocks and receive more transfers after … negative shocks, wherever they reside, pointing towards the use of transfers as insurance. Females send and receive on average …

investment. In return, it is compensated by monetary transfers for this effort. We show that the level of fixed cost must be …

types of agreement : an agreement on a uniform standard with transfers and an agreement on differentiated standards without … transfers. To achieve this goal, we use a multi-stage game where the private sector anticipates its irreversible investment … transfers is not optimal, because it takes away the incentive of all firms to invest in a new abatement technology. …

total welfare criteria, we notice first that differentiated standards with transfers are generally better than uniform … standards with transfers. Secondly, differentiated standards without transfers always outperform uniform standards without … transfers. Last, the numerical results show that the asymmetry on abatement benefits between the countries makes the uniform …

This paper analyses intergovernmental transfers in France and Italy to assess how soft budget spending behaviors may …

the policy is not geographically differentiated. In the case where the government however grants larger subsidies to the …