a fundamental element (the utility function depends on gains and losses relative to a reference point and not on final … wealths as in expected utility theory). In order to identify the determinants of the income tax evasion decision, a general … reference income is used. We show that results obtained under expected utility theory are not robust. In particular, tax evasion …

equals reference point for at least one good. The phenomenon intensity depends on the curvature of the utility curve. These …

The aim of this paper is to examine the main reasons how aid can contribute to poverty reduction, the channels through … vulnerability faced by many developing countries. …

Traditional poverty measures fail to indicate the degree of risk of becoming or remaining poor that households are … propose a method to estimate an index of ex ante vulnerability to poverty, defined as the probability of being poor in the … generates a vulnerability index, or predicted probability of future poverty, which performs well in predicting future poverty …

-agricultural sector is considered as a risk-mitigating strategy by rural Pakistani households. This issue has already been addressed but … whether ex ante engagement in the non-agricultural sector is partly motivated by a desire to mitigate risk. The main feature … of the paper is the use of an ex ante food vulnerability estimate. Vulnerability is defined as the probability of falling …

this theorem to explain the well-known problems of utility and decision theories, such as risk aversion, the underweighting …

representation) of behavior under risk. We then review the classical model of expected utility due to von Neumann and Morgenstern …This chapter of a collective book aims at presenting the basics of decision making under risk. We first define notions … of risk and increasing risk and recall definitions and classifications (that are valid independently of any …