The French pattern of early transitions out of employment is basically explained by the low age at “normal” retirement … and by the importance of transitions through unemployment insurance and early-retirement schemes before access to normal … retirement. These routes have exempted French workers from massively relying on disability motives for early exits, contrarily to …

used unemployment schemes as a bridge to early retirement. In addition, there is some evidence of detrimental effects on …

are tremendous. As the baby boom generation grows older, it is doubtful that ever-longer retirement will continue to be …). Nevertheless, as today's workers evaluate their own retirement security, and as policymakers and business leaders assess the …

for a job. This is because of the short time-horizon of workers close to retirement. We propose to introduce a pension tax … pension tax allows those workers near retirement who still do not exercise job search to smooth their consumption during their …