retirement. These routes have exempted French workers from massively relying on disability motives for early exits, contrarily to …-retirement schemes almost non-existent. Yet the role of disability remains interesting to examine in the French case, at least for … underlines that disability routes have often acted as a substitute to other retirement routes. Changes in the claiming of …

The role of school fees in achieving both allocative and productive efficiency in the delivery of primary education has … by alternative explanations. One of them is that participation aims not to increase education quality but rather to …

This paper aims at explaining why countries with comparable levels of education still experience notable differences in …

WWII in France. In order to identify the causal effect of education, we exploit the fact that the small group of people … graduating from elite education (Grandes Ecoles) remained stable, while the rest of the system experienced tremendous … cohorts that received more education have a lower wage gap, relative to Grandes Ecoles. We show that such a large scale …