Past and current experiences can be studied in order to understand the main phenomena driving urbanization and thus to better anticipate the future challenges for cities. We distinguish between the main historical time periods of cities. Then, we discuss some regularities related to the internal...

We study a mean-field version of rank-based models of equity markets such as the Atlas model introduced by Fernholz in the framework of Stochastic Portfolio Theory. We obtain an asymptotic description of the market when the number of companies grows to infinity. Then, we discuss the long-term...