The goal of our research work is to show the effect of the presence of joint auditors (BIG4) and a few mechanisms of governance on the shareholders' confidence. We are trying to explore the relationship between its different variables in the French context during the period 2005-2010. The...

White certificate schemes mandate energy companies to promote energy efficiency with flexibility mechanisms, including the trading of energy savings. A unified framework is used to estimate the costs and benefits of the schemes implemented in Great Britain in 2002, in Italy in 2005 and in France...