marginalabatement cost curve.We compare the relative cap to an absolute cap and to a price instrument, in terms ofwelfare impact. It … turns out that in most plausible cases, either a price instrument or an absolute cap yields ahigher expected welfare than a … cap but may be significant between the relative cap and the price instrument. …

engage simultaneously in capacity (production) and, after production levels are made public, there is sequential price … competition in the second stage. Randomizing the order of play in the price subgame, we can find: (i) that the Cournot outcome can …

all instruments tend to reduce GHG emissions and although a price on carbon tends also to give the right incentives for RE … and EE, the combination of more than one instrument leads to significant antagonisms regarding major objectives of the … promotion of RE and EE. We also show and quantify the effects of this joint promotion on ETS permit price, on wholesale market …

control over the carbon price. …

-friendlier energy model, and second in a lower vulnerability to potential price or supply shocks on the international energy markets. …

existing integrated assessment models. It provides a comprehensive examination of the link between uncertainty regarding …