It is a common wisdom that individual stocks' returns are difficult to predict, though in many situations it is important to have such estimates at our disposal. In particular, they are needed to determine the cost of capital. Market equilibrium models posit that expected returns are...

This paper deals with the management of the enterprise value based on the use of the meter which is the economic value added (EVA). A comparison of the two companies in the sector of food production.

A way of managing the goodwill on the example of the enterprise producing products from metal, non-profit organization providing fire services, financial institutions from the scope is reporting back of Open pension funds. Calculations were conducted at using the method Eva. all data for...

This article uses graph theory to provide novel evidence regarding market integration, a favorable condition for systemic risk to appear in. Relying on daily futures returns covering a 12-year period, we examine cross- and inter-market linkages, both within the commodity complex and between...

Risk diversification is the basis of insurance and investment. It is thus crucial to study the effects that could limit it. One of them is the existence of systemic risk that affects all the policies at the same time. We introduce here a probabilistic approach to examine the consequences of its...