generally given to host country characteristics. In a gravity set-up, we analyze FDI flows from European Union to MENA economies …. We find that European investment to our MENA host countries is higher, the lower the source country output volatility …, thereby supporting the existence of an income effect for European Transnational corporations. In the case of MENA economies …

impediments to trade in services affect cost-price margin in telecommunication in Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries … that analyses bend to overvalue the impact of regulations on the cost-price margin in telecommunications for MENA countries …

and improve citizens' living standards. This study evaluates the convergence in real GDP per-capita, as a suitable proxy … definitions of convergence and common trends, the presented evidence supports the existence of common long-run trends driving … output in South America, meaning that the region is involved in a dynamic process of convergence in living standards. …

Cet article a pour but d'analyser le rôle de l'éducation dans la convergence des émissions par tête de dioxyde de …'une convergence des émissions par tête de dioxyde de carbone au niveau mondial. Dans les pays en développement il y a une divergence … convergence si et seulement si elle est associée à de bonnes institutions politiques. En absence de celles-ci, l'éducation est …

This paper examines the per capita income convergence process among 23 Argentinian provinces over the period 1983 …-2002. The purpose of this work is to apply new estimation methods following two-step procedure as in Badinger et al. (2004). We … conditional convergence process between Argentinian provinces and a positive and significant impact of agglomeration variables on …

-2000. We show that a convergence process of mandatory years of schooling has occurred across these countries since 1950. We … of compulsory schooling. Then we test whether convergence still holds when one controls for the major three alternative … constraint of governments. Conditional convergence does hold and we find that openness, membership of the European Union …

and sufficient condition for convergence to consensus and characterize outcomes where the society ends up polarized. Our …