This paper investigates the relationship between outward foreign direct investment (FDI) and both exports and imports … overseas investments substitute for exports in chemicals products and for both exports and imports in general machinery. … deal with the problem of zero trade flows when estimating a gravity equation, we show that the complementary relationship …

The paper assesses the trade-creating impact of foreign-born residents on the international imports and exports of the … immigrants is the most valuable, immigration enhances imports regardless of the quality of institutions in the partner country … French regions where they are settled. The pro-trade effect of immigrants is investigated along two intertwined dimensions …

is large, the less the distance is an obstacle to trade. …

is large, the less the distance is an obstacle to trade. …

this sector have the ability to deliver cement either from domestic plants or from imports. Since cement is costly to … transport via land, the difference in marginal cost between local production and imports varies across local markets. The … marginal cost of imports is lower in areas with access to a sea port, decreasing the relative value of investing in local …