. We study three potential types of delegation: strong, weak or no delegation, this last case corresponding to a referendum … examine the consequences of ratification by referendum. We conclude that a Pareto improvement of the political integration … incorporate a formal ratification procedure, corresponding to an ex post referendum. …

of democracy in his country during his tenure. This e ffect is shown to be independent from the leader's education level …, as well as from his profession. Moreover, it is mainly driven by countries with a poor initial level of democracy. These …

Using a new set of micro evidence from an original survey of 28 transition countries, we show that democracy increases … reformist parties in the former socialist block lies in a deepening of democracy. …

66 developing countries over the period 1990-2005, this paper provides econometric evidence that democracy matters for … insufficiently welfare minded. We found that high levels of democracy are specifically needed in natural resource rich countries to …

element of human-sized organizations that were the first mutual or cooperative Caisses, is democracy running the risk to … disappearance of democracy inherent to the cooperative project, a more differentiating diagnosis is proposed, followed by an outline … of some working leads for a creative evolution of cooperative democracy. …

quality of democracy, and we investigate whether foreign aid can dampen them. We take advantage of previous empirical findings … flows can potentially dampen the effects of terms of trade instability on democracy. An empirical investigation with data … of trade instability affects democracy through income instability. …

transitions, we find that external debt constraints indebted countries to move up democracy scale but incite governments to …