We develop a method for empirically measuring the difference in carbon footprint between traditional and online retailing (“e-tailing”) from entry point to a geographical area to consumer residence. The method only requires data on the locations of brick-and-mortar stores, online delivery...

In the entry literature, researchers sometimes use revenues as a proxy for profits because this is the only data available. Doing so could seriously bias the results.

To manage increased competition cooperation between stakeholders has become more important. Retailer’s role is well researched. Property owner’s role is not well researched. The aim is to analyse different stakeholder’s erceptions of what property owners contribute with and could...

Rural retailers in Sweden are currently in need of new strategies in order to meet the increasing competition from urban shopping centers and increased customer mobility. This study examines the how events can influence local retail survival in rural areas. In interviews, local stakeholders...

Gibrat’s Law predicts that firm growth is a purely random effect and therefore should be independent of firm size. The purpose of this paper is to test Gibrat’s law within the retail industry, using a novel data-set comprising all Swedish limited liability companies active at some point...

This paper analyzes the determinants of firm migration in the Swedish wholesale trade sector using a unique dataset covering over 10,000 Swedish wholesale trade firms during the years 2000 – 2004. The results indicate that there are negative correlations between profits, firm age, and firm...

To identify the determinants of firm growth within the Swedish retail – and wholesale trade industries during the period 1998- 2004, we analyze a sample of 400 limited companies using quantile regression techniques. Our results indicate that firm growth mainly can be explained by...

The increase and expansion of out-of-town shopping centres is often criticized for out-competing retail business within city centres. City retailers’ own perceptions of competition within and between retail districts are here analyzed via choice experiments in the city of Gävle, Sweden....

A customer is presumed to gravitate to a facility by the distance to it and the attractiveness of it. However regarding the location of the facility, the presumption is that the customer opts for the shortest route to the nearest facility. This paradox was recently solved by the introduction of...

Most of previous studies have focused on the entire trips in a geographic region, while few of them addressed those induced by a city landmark. To address it, this paper explores the trips and their CO2 emissions induced by a shopping center from a time-space perspective and their usage in...