Cities can be thought of as the absence of physical space between people and firms. As such, they exist to eliminate transportation costs for goods, people and ideas and transportation technologies dictate urban form. In the 21st century, the dominant form of city living is based on the...

This paper uses 1990 Micro Census Data to study city-to-city migration as a function of crosssectional differentials in economic opportunity. We test whether people move from low economic opportunity areas; and, people move to high economic opportunity areas. We test hypotheses concerning which...

This paper examines the decentralization of employment using zip code data on employment by industry. Most American cities are decentralized--on average less than 16 percent of employment in metropolitan areas is within a three mile radius of the city center. In decentralized cities, the classic...