This paper describes the result and the methodology of updating nominal and real effective exchange rate weights on the basis of trade data over 1999-2001. The underlying framework is an updated version of the IMF''s current effective exchange rate calculation, which uses weights largely based...

This note reviews some concepts of global liquidity and discusses measurement approaches that have been used by various interlocutors, including at the BIS, by Fund staff, and in academia. Some measures that could be regularly monitored by policy makers are presented

"This book explores the latest development of optimization techniques. It shows the application of optimization in new fields such as big data, artificial intelligence, etc. The application of hybrid optimization techniques and stochastic optimization are explored"--

"This book combines state-of-the-art modeling approaches at various scales with case studies from across the world, discussing how to translate models into results and illustrate how pro-active implementation can mitigate biodiversity loss"--Provided by publisher.

"This book provides coverage on strategic green issues and practices for competitive advantage and cost savings in modern organizations and business sectors enabling them to reach their environmental goals"--Provided by publisher.

Despite the significance and potential benefits of data-exchange standards, a void remains in literature of a research publication dedicated to its barriers and critical success factors. This book establishes factors related to the implementation and dissemination of data-exchange standards....

This book is a collection of recent essays offering fresh perspectives on the scope and future of intellectual property rights. The tripartite division of the book is designed to make this inter-disciplinary topic more accessible and intelligible to readers of diverse backgrounds. Part I...

Forecasting is one of the most important activities that form the basis for strategic, tactical, and operational decisions in all business organizations. Recently, neural networks have emerged as an important tool for business forecasting. There are considerable interests and applications in...