From the increasing incidence of environmental pollution and soil contamination, to recurring natural disasters, the risks posed by the constant interaction between human activities and the environment are diverse, manifold and often catastrophic in their consequences. Therefore, the elaboration...

Insurance data include: all gross insurance premiums and those relating only to direct insurance; spending on insurance per capita; and the market share of national insurance by country, relative to the OECD market total.

This book provides models of various economic and financial issues while using computational intelligence as a foundation. The scope of this volume comprises finance, economics, management, organizational theory and public policies. It explains the ongoing and novel research in this field, and...

Interval mathematics as a potential weapon against uncertainty / Hend Dawood -- Uncertainty modeling using expert's knowledge as evidence / D. Datta -- Evidence-based uncertainty modeling / Tazid Ali -- Hybrid set structures for soft computing / Sunil Jacob John, Babitha KV -- Source and...

Fewer 15-year-olds in East Asian countries reported that they use memorisation than did 15‑year‑olds in some of the English-speaking countries to whom they are often compared. In no PISA-participating education system did boys report more intensive use of memorisation than girls when...