innovation. The case studies cover abatement technologies for wastewater effluent from pulp production, abatement of motor … vehicle emissions, and development of renewable energy technologies. On the basis of patent data, the nature, extent, and … causes of innovation in each of these areas have been explored. While a particular focus has been placed on the role of …

Analysts and policy makers have made increasing use of patent indicators to analyse the rate and direction of … technological activity. The Patents Manual, issued in 1994, provides information on how patent data can be used as indicators, and …

The Oslo Manual is the foremost international source of guidelines for the collection and use of data on innovation … activities in industry. This third edition has been updated to take account of the progress made in understanding the innovation … process, the experience gained from the previous round of innovation surveys, the extension of the field of investigation to …