the wage effects of mobility among graduates from apprenticeship in Germany. Our instrumental variables approach exploits …

Collective bargaining in Germany takes place either at the industry level or at the firm level; collective bargaining … structure of wages. Ceteris paribus, a higher share of employees in a firm covered by industry-wide or firm-level contracts is … associated with higher wages. Yet, individual bargaining coverage in a covered firm shows a negative impact both on the wage …