Franchising has become a dominant model of retailing in the Western world and is also developing in emerging countries, with the internationalization of franchisors. The paper is an attempt at explaining the significant differences in the development of franchise between Morocco, Algeria and...

Franchising has become a dominant model of distribution in the Western world. Franchising is also developing in emerging markets, with the internationalization of Western franchise systems. This paper analyses the franchise expansion differences between Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia. Explanations...

Franchising has become a dominant model of retailing in the Western world and is rapidly expanding in emerging countries. This paper is an attempt to explain the significant differences in the development of franchising in three emerging countries: Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia. Explanations can...

The aim of this paper is to understand and analyze the evolutions of the spin-off process in French large companies based on its practice in ten of them. Through this work, we propose a first modelling of this practice. Spin-off is for us a multiform phenomenon which relates to three types of...

Corporate social responsibility and ethics are part of business governance today and represents new ways of market adjustment for companies in quest of legitimacy in an uncertain environment. Tools such as codes of conduct or charts aim at clarifying business activities. However, in spite of...

The rise of the concept of CSR can be understood as an answer to the evolution of our societies towards weakened social bonds and lack of trust. The implementation of a CSR policy is strongly linked with HR practices. The HR function plays a major role in the new understanding of HR...

Affirmative action arose from the fight for the civic rights in the 1960s.. However the ethnic quota in the American higher education were questioned in 1978 (Bakke) by a decision of the Supreme Court which incited universities to promote diversity, but w