Many theoretical models show that trade openness has positive welfare implications. Yet, openness might affect … question whether trade openness affects within-country income differentials. In Italy, the more affluent regions are … migration. Prima facie, there is a positive correlation between openness and per capita income. Studying this relationship …

The question whether international openness causes higher domestic growth has been subject to intense discussions in …s and the lower international openness of East Germany are linked. We address the endogeneity of openness by adapting … the methodology proposed by Frankel and Romer (1999) in a panel framework. We instrument openness with time …