series of recent World Bank and other studies on teacher absence and incentives for performance. Surprise school visits …

"Vermeersch and Kremer examine the effects of subsidized school meals on school participation, educational achievement …, and school finance in a developing country setting. They use data from a program that was implemented in 25 randomly … chosen preschools in a pool of 50. Children's school participation was 30 percent higher in the treatment group than in the …