measure different types of fraud and to examine the influence of passengers’ presumed information and income on the extent of … fraud. Results reveal that taxi drivers cheat passengers in systematic ways: Passengers with inferior information about …. Higher income seems to lead to more fraud. …

consumers' beliefs about the credibility of firms' CSR claims, which depend in turn on the (expected) fines for fraud. First, we … likelihood of certification. Second, fraud only arises when the fines for fraud are at intermediate levels and some CSR firms do … not certify their practices. Third, the presence of fraud comes at a cost for firms by inducing lower equilibrium prices …