period during which more than 1,300 banks failed. Bank failures are fundamentally important because of the unique role played … during this period. First, commercial real estate was only a factor in the bank failures of 1988-92. Second, construction … loans played a much larger role in bank failures than permanent loans, and the relationship is strongest with construction …

one-period probit model used by Cole and Gunther (1998). Using data on U.S. bank failures from 1985 – 1992, we find that …, from an econometric perspective, the hazard model is more accurate than the probit model in predicting bank failures, but … data from the 1980s performs surprisingly well in forecasting bank failures during 2009 – 2010. …

offsite monitoring system based on publicly available accounting data. Their findings suggest that, if a bank has not been … off-site systems derives from both their timeliness—an updated off-site rating is available for every bank in every …