This study investigates the impact of finishing versus dropping out of college on self-esteem. Using data spanning three decades from the U.S. National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, we find that dropping out of a four-year college significantly decreases self-esteem compared to graduating. In...

A firm’s willingness to provide and pay for general training in the form of apprenticeship training crucially depends on whether it is able to recoup the training costs. A successful strategy is to retain the most productive apprentices after graduation. This article explores whether training...

Small average wage effects of employer and/or occupation changes after apprenticeship training mask large differences between occupation groups and apprentices with different schooling back-grounds. Apprentices in commerce and trading occupations strongly profit from an employer change. Employer...