, Japan and the United States engaged in outsourcing of relatively labor intensive segments of the value chain, especially on … deteriorating wage and employment prospects in the process of globalization. The adjustment to fiercer competition from below … differed considerably between Germany, Japan and the United States. Economic restructuring was least pronounced in the US …

There is a startling gap between, allegedly, globalization-induced changes in international competition for foreign … its relevance well before globalization became a hotly debated issue. …