This paper investigates the relation between asymmetries in the distribution of shares in joint ventures and asymmetries between the parent companies. When the joint venture and the parent companies are controlled by separate entities, we provide a simple formula to compute the optimal ownership...

Network-effects may lead to imperfect competition and may therefore make a Strategie trade policy attractive for a country exporting network goods. I analyze the implications of Strategie trade policy in a model of horizontal produetdifferentiation with network effects. Within this framework,...

Computer-owners combine complementary goods to a computer-system. They exchange data with others and between different applications. These interdependencies lead to three different network effects, which are explained in the framework of Hotelling models. In the framework of a one-dimensional...