. Secondly, the authors estimate the determinants of the extensive and intensive margins of exports and imports using dynamic … imports than for exports pointing to the existence of sunk costs in both activities. Moreover, past productivity does affect … the extensive margin of imports, but not of exports and the initial condition status is also only relevant for the import …

We assess the role of capital goods imports and inflows of foreign direct investment (FDI) as transmission channels … through which major emerging economies (BRICs, i.e., Brazil, Russian Federation, India and China) could catch up with advanced …