The stability of factor shares has long been considered one of the “stylized facts” of macroeconomics. However, the relationship between cross-country factor shares and economic development is dependent on how factor shares are measured. Most factor share studies acknowledge only two factors...

I consider the case where the conservation of land yields utility through biodiversity, firms improve their efficiency by in-house R&D and a large number of countries establish a self-interested government for biodiversity management. I compare the regulation of land use with direct subsidies...