For decades, the prevailing sentiment was that, since geography is unchangeable, there is no reason why public policies … racist, made the subject a virtual taboo in academic and policymaking circles alike. "Is Geography Destiny?" challenges that … premise and joins a growing body of literature studying the links between geography and development. Focusing on Latin America …

, geography and institutions- that are closely connected to economic and social development. Historical in nature and slow to …

There is a well-known debate about the roles of geography versus institutions in explaining the long-term development … Robinson (2001) was to address this last point by using settler mortality as an instrument for geography-induced endogenous … mechanisms from geography via institutions to economic development outcomes. In particular, we examine the determinants of …

measures of geography within Europe, we show that i) geography explains both genetic distance and transportation costs between … European countries, and ii) genetic distance does not explain economic outcomes once we control for geography. We conclude that …

distance (while controlling for country size). Since geography may affect income through other channels, we also control for …