money growth leads to higher inflation and higher unemployment, so the long-run Phillips curve is not vertical. The optimal … monetary growth rate decreases with the workers’ bargaining power, the level of unemployment benefits and the payroll tax rate. …

inflation-unemployment process. The results provide some evidence in favor of the Lucas critique by showing that the short …-run unemployment-inflation trade-off tends to improve in countries that are successful in providing low and stable inflation. …

not efficient. Inflation is detrimental to unemployment. …This paper builds a macroeconomic model of equilibrium unemployment in which firms persistently face difficulties in …, equilibrium unemployment is a U-shaped function of the ratio of total demand to total supply on this market. When prices are at …

in activity alongside high inflation. Executive Directors have welcomed the commitment made in the 2008 budget to tighten …

analyze the inflation outlook and monetary policy challenges. The Bank of Indonesia (BI) introduced its Inflation Targeting … Framework in July 2005 with the goal to reduce inflation in the medium term to 3 percent. BI’s official mandate is stability … of the rupiah, both internal and external, and BI views the inflation targeting regime with a floating exchange rate as …