We document and analyze the emergence of a substantial gender gap in mathematics in the early years of schooling using … score gap that appears over these same ages. We document the presence of this gender math gap across every strata of society …, we find that earlier results linking the gender gap in math to measures of gender equality are sensitive to the inclusion …

. Time stress will be more prevalent in households with higher incomes and whose members work longer in the market or on … higher-income households perceive more time stress for the same amount of time spent in market work and household work. The …

' willingness to work with different coauthors. There are only small gender differences in the impacts of age on numbers of …

favoritism nor discrimination by gender, findings that are robust to a wide variety of potential concerns. We observe … heterogeneity in both discrimination and favoritism by nationality and by gender in the distributions of graders' preferences. We …