This study explores the macroeconomics effects of labor unions in a two-country model of directed technical change in which the market size of each country determines the incentives for innovation. We find that an increase in the bargaining power of a wage-oriented union leads to a decrease in...

This paper argues that institutional quality has both direct and indirect (moderating) effects on productivity of countries. These hypotheses are tested using a battery of institutional proxies (governance, economic freedom, intellectual property rights and ease of doing business) and two...

Pressure on public finances has increased scrutiny of public support for innovation. We examine two particular issues. First, there have been many recent calls for the (relatively new) UK R&D subsidy to be extended to other “research” activities, such as software. Second, argument still...

The aim of this paper is to describe the national innovation system (NIS) in Morocco. Technological inputs (R & D, number of researchers, number of students in science and technology etc.) and the institutional organization of research are discussed. INS in the Moroccan case is characterized by...

This paper examines, within the framework of a panel data model's, the relation between the commercial opening, the foreign direct investment and the growth of the productivity of the North African countries (Algeria, Egypt, Morocco and Tunisia) from 1970 to 2001. The results suggest a...

We use panel data for nine industries to evaluate research and development (R&D) investments in New Zealand over the past forty years. We estimate the impact of R&D stocks in a particular industry on output per person in that industry and on output per person in the rest of the economy. We...

The aim of this paper is to describe the national innovation system (NIS) in Morocco. Technological inputs (R & D, number of researchers, number of students in science and technology etc.) and the institutional organization of research are discussed. INS in the Moroccan case is characterized by...

This empirical research note documents the relationship between composition of a firm's workforce (with a special focus on age and gender) and its performance with respect to innovative activities (outlays and employment in research and development (R&D)) for a large representative sample of...

In this paper we investigate the effect of local banking development on firms’ innovative activities, using a rich data set on innovation for a large number of Italian firms over the 1990’s. There is evidence that banking development affects the probability of process innovation,...