Over the past two decades there has been a substantial increase in the mobility of students in Europe, while also … research has become much more internationally oriented. In this paper we document changes in the structure of research and … higher education in Europe and investigate potential explanations for the strong increase in its international orientation …

There is data evidence that welfare has improved post democracy in Nigeria. However, the distribution or concentration …, across and within gender, post democracy in Nigeria is explored. I make use of simple econometric tools to test two null … hypotheses. First, there is no disparity in the income and returns to education benefits of the shift to democracy across gender …

individual commitment across citizens to defend democracy against a potential military coup, and it is an endogenous state … and the state. Parents invest resources in order to transmit their own political values (commitment to democracy) to their … between political regimes and political culture diffusion. Consolidated democracy emerges when sufficiently many people are …

more important consequence of the presence of a strong military is that once transition to democracy takes place, the …

evaluate separately the impact of political institutions linked to democracy and suffrage and of those institutions more …

inequality in determining the quality of growth-promoting institutions like rule of law. Democracy is associated with …Using cross-country data, we find evidence for a significant negative interaction effect between democracy and …

international conflicts on domestic political institutions. We argue that mass-armies, which appeared in Europe after the French … through the extension of franchise. This is because democracy always implements a highly redistributive fiscal policy, which … makes fighting hard incentive-compatible for the citizens-soldiers. We show that a transition to democracy is more likely to …